This panel, “Mountains, Continents, Economics and Religion: Four Ways to Think about European History,” features works-in-progress from graduate students in the History Department. These four historians will share claims drawn from their dissertation research about modern Europe. The discussion will encompass mountaineering in an internationalist framework; the mobilization of Europe as a concept in the service of energy projects; the relations between twentieth-century political economy and international economic projects; and twentieth-century religion at the intersection of public and private life. Just as this Study Group seeks to showcase new work that cuts across traditional geographic and methodological boundaries, so too will this panel eschew the traditional rigidity of a conference format. It instead asks participants to sketch their project in broad terms and reflect on their contribution to our understanding of modern Europe.